What Bandpass Filter Bandwidth Is Best for Red-LED (625–660 nm) Inspection?
When it comes to machine vision lighting, choosing the right filter is crucial for optimal image quality and reliable inspection results. One of the most popular setups is pairing a matched red LED with a red bandpass filter. Let's break down how to select, use, and maximize the benefits of this setup, backed by both practical rules of thumb and expert technical guidance.
Why Use Red LED + Bandpass in Machine Vision?- Ambient Light Rejection: Red bandpass filters, when matched to the LED's wavelength, significantly reduce interference from overhead lighting, stabilizing image contrast even on factory floors.
- Penetration Power: Red wavelengths scatter less in haze, dust, or turbid media compared to blue/green, making them ideal for challenging environments.
- Color Contrast: Blue and green features on parts appear darker under red, increasing contrast for reliable defect detection, code reading, and color inspection.
- Cost & Availability: Red LEDs and bandpass filters are abundant and affordable—a great default for monochrome camera setups.
- General Use (Balanced SNR): Start with a 20–30 nm FWHM bandpass centered on your LED (e.g., 630 nm or 660 nm). This gives you strong signal and decent ambient light rejection.
- Severe Ambient Light: If your site suffers from strong ambient (sunlight, fluorescents), narrow the bandwidth—10–15 nm FWHM, always centered to your LED.
- Controlled Lighting / Max Signal: In the lab or a tightly controlled environment, go broader—40–60 nm FWHM—to maximize throughput (signal).
Tip: Always match the filter's center wavelength (CWL) to the actual emission of your LED, leaving margin for variations due to LED binning, temperature, or filter angle.
How to Pick the Right Filter- Know Your LED's Spread: For 625 nm red LEDs, FWHM is about 20 nm; for 660 nm 'hyper-red,' FWHM is usually 25 nm. Your filter's FWHM should comfortably cover this range.
- Match Filter to Environment:
- Factory/General Use: 20–30 nm FWHM
- Harsh Light: 10–15 nm FWHM (tight band, better ambient rejection)
- Controlled Light/Max Throughput: 40–60 nm FWHM
- Blocking Needs (OD): OD (Optical Density) 3–4 outside the passband is enough for most factories. Go higher if battling sunlight or very bright lines.
Light red bandpass filters are widely recommended for use with 615–645 nm LEDs and laser diodes. A broad FWHM and high peak transmission ensure light red is passed efficiently while blocking outliers. Use them when you need high signal throughput, for example:
- Barcode reading on packaging (with 630–635 nm LED)
- Fixture, lab, or test environments where ambient light is controlled
- Applications where maximum photons are crucial for exposure time or high speed
- Contrast Improvement: Select a filter that matches your illumination color—the filter will ensure red items appear bright in grayscale, while blue/green/others appear dark, simplifying vision system interpretation.
- Sensor Sensitivity: Most monochrome sensors respond strongly in the red; aligning sensor peak, LED, and filter maximizes SNR.
- Don't Forget Glare: Red bandpass does not remove glare—use cross-polarizers if this is a problem.
- Thermal/Angle Shift: LEDs and filters both shift slightly with temperature/angle; leave margin in bandwidth and CWL to compensate.
| Use Scenario | Filter CWL | FWHM | Example Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Factory, balanced SNR | LED peak | 20–30 nm | ±10–15 nm to peak |
| Harsh ambient light | LED peak | 10–15 nm | ±5–7.5 nm to peak |
| Controlled light, max throughput | LED peak | 40–60 nm | ±20–30 nm |
For quoting or ordering, you can copy-paste:
'Bandpass filter CWL 635 nm, FWHM 60 nm, peak T ≥ 90%, blocking OD ≥ 4 from 400–1100 nm.'
Summary- Bandpass filters are an essential tool in machine vision to maximize image contrast and suppress unwanted light.
- For red-LED setups, a well-specified red bandpass filter offers a practical, high-performance solution when ambient light is controlled and throughput is paramount.
- Remember the bandwidth selection rule of thumb to fine-tune your system for your exact application: tighter for harsh environments, broader for maximum photons.
- If you share your LED model and operating environment, a precise CWL/FWHM/OD filter spec can be selected to match your needs and KUPO Optics' lineup.
References: Technical specs and practical guidance synthesized from Schneider-Kreuznach, Machine Vision Direct, Unmanned Systems Source, and other leading sources.
